![[New] Enhancing Viewer Engagement with Smart End Screen Techniques](https://thmb.techidaily.com/13887af25c31ebc0af7fa01bee84ac625b343ea776763c2dea469f5e646eb4f7.png)
[New] Enhancing Viewer Engagement with Smart End Screen Techniques
Enhancing Viewer Engagement with Smart End Screen Techniques
How to Add YouTube End Screen and Cards Effectively
Richard Bennett
Mar 27, 2024• Proven solutions
The traditional annotation’s features are replaced by its successor YouTube Cards and End Screen. The annotations performed poorly on mobile and thus, the new changes are for good. The annotations had become outdated and were completely unbefitting. On the contrary, the YouTube cards and end screen offers great access to both desktop and mobiles with easier and faster implementation. Are you still looking for Annotations? Stop your search and try considering YouTube end screen. In this article, learn how to use Youtube end screen and cards.
- Part1: Why You Need to Add End Screens To Videos
- Part2: How To Use Youtube End Screen
- Part3: How To Use Youtube Cards
Wondershare Filmstock Gaming Video Editing Skils ](https://filmstock.wondershare.com/creative-theme-game?source%5Fchannel=seo%5Farticle&spm=rs.filmora%5Fweb )
Part 1: Why You Need to Add End Screens and Cards to Videos
There are several reasons that make the YouTube end screen and cards a great tool when added to the videos. The new channel builtin features, donation choices, embedded polls and more are some of the best interactive and powerful features of YouTube end screen that’s when added to the video can drive in users to your channel. It is a strong tool to build viewership of your channel. When you use YouTube end screen at the end of the video, it helps in directing the users to other channels, playlists, and videos and also helps in promoting crowdfunding campaigns, merchandise and website. The YouTube end screen is a part of the video and to have an end screen on your video, it must be around 25seconds long.
Part 2: How To Use Youtube End Screen
Do you wish to add YouTube end screen to your video? Just follow the steps and get going.
- Go to Creator Studio and check the left side to find the Video Manager, click on it.
- Wherever you wish to add the end screen on the video, click on it.
- Click End Screen & Annotations at the top.
- From end screen and annotations, you can add or configure elements.
- Check how the end screen will appear to the visitors.
- Click on blue color add element’s button to find four options available there:
Playlist or Videos- This element allows to play the suggested video on the same tab when the user clicks on it.
Subscribe- This allows the users to quickly subscribe to the channel. You may change the appearance of the icon and how your brand name looks.
Channel- Click on this element to promote other YouTube Channel. You may also customize it with a message.
Link- This element helps in sending the users directly to your website. Although, Google has restricted other link addition in the video. In order to add, you must have an Adsense account and permit monetization.
Part 3: How To Use Youtube Cards
YouTube Cards is more interactive. Users can add images and other linkes. Here are the steps.
- Click on the “Video Manager” tab.
- If you want to add cards, Click “Edit” tab under it. Then click “cards”.
- Choose the cards type you want to make on “Add Card” drop down menu.
- Click “create” button. Select the timeline. In the end, apply.
The types of YouTube cards
- Video or playlist: links to other videos/the complete palylist on YouTube related or non-related to that specific videolinks to further purchase websites or specific product.
- Channel: promote another YouTube channel, one of the most common methods to collaborate with other YouTubers
- Poll: Encourage viewers to participate in a poll (vote)
- Link: links to a website which compliments whatever content is in the video.
4 Tips for Using YouTube Cards
1. You might be used to pointing to the part of your screen where you intend to put an annotation, but when you use YouTube Cards they might switch locations depending on what device a viewer is watching on.
2. Use three or less cards per video. Viewers are more likely to click your cards if there are fewer of them, and more likely to start ignoring them if it seems like they’re always popping up. Also, do not have all three of these cards appear at once and make people choose between them. Stagger them throughout your video.
3. Your cards should be related to what you are saying in your vlog. Avoid posting completely random links in the middle of your video because a viewer who clicks on them will get confused. You can post any type of link you want at the very end of your video, though.
4. The end of your video is always a great place to link viewers to another of your videos, whether you use a card or an end screen. If somebody liked your video enough to watch until the end they’ll probably welcome a chance to consume similar content.
Conclusion
Now, that you are aware how to add YouTube end screen to your video, make use of the amazing features of YouTube end screen and cards and let driving in traffic to your site be easy and fruitful.
Richard Bennett
Richard Bennett is a writer and a lover of all things video.
Follow @Richard Bennett
Richard Bennett
Mar 27, 2024• Proven solutions
The traditional annotation’s features are replaced by its successor YouTube Cards and End Screen. The annotations performed poorly on mobile and thus, the new changes are for good. The annotations had become outdated and were completely unbefitting. On the contrary, the YouTube cards and end screen offers great access to both desktop and mobiles with easier and faster implementation. Are you still looking for Annotations? Stop your search and try considering YouTube end screen. In this article, learn how to use Youtube end screen and cards.
- Part1: Why You Need to Add End Screens To Videos
- Part2: How To Use Youtube End Screen
- Part3: How To Use Youtube Cards
Wondershare Filmstock Gaming Video Editing Skils ](https://filmstock.wondershare.com/creative-theme-game?source%5Fchannel=seo%5Farticle&spm=rs.filmora%5Fweb )
Part 1: Why You Need to Add End Screens and Cards to Videos
There are several reasons that make the YouTube end screen and cards a great tool when added to the videos. The new channel builtin features, donation choices, embedded polls and more are some of the best interactive and powerful features of YouTube end screen that’s when added to the video can drive in users to your channel. It is a strong tool to build viewership of your channel. When you use YouTube end screen at the end of the video, it helps in directing the users to other channels, playlists, and videos and also helps in promoting crowdfunding campaigns, merchandise and website. The YouTube end screen is a part of the video and to have an end screen on your video, it must be around 25seconds long.
Part 2: How To Use Youtube End Screen
Do you wish to add YouTube end screen to your video? Just follow the steps and get going.
- Go to Creator Studio and check the left side to find the Video Manager, click on it.
- Wherever you wish to add the end screen on the video, click on it.
- Click End Screen & Annotations at the top.
- From end screen and annotations, you can add or configure elements.
- Check how the end screen will appear to the visitors.
- Click on blue color add element’s button to find four options available there:
Playlist or Videos- This element allows to play the suggested video on the same tab when the user clicks on it.
Subscribe- This allows the users to quickly subscribe to the channel. You may change the appearance of the icon and how your brand name looks.
Channel- Click on this element to promote other YouTube Channel. You may also customize it with a message.
Link- This element helps in sending the users directly to your website. Although, Google has restricted other link addition in the video. In order to add, you must have an Adsense account and permit monetization.
Part 3: How To Use Youtube Cards
YouTube Cards is more interactive. Users can add images and other linkes. Here are the steps.
- Click on the “Video Manager” tab.
- If you want to add cards, Click “Edit” tab under it. Then click “cards”.
- Choose the cards type you want to make on “Add Card” drop down menu.
- Click “create” button. Select the timeline. In the end, apply.
The types of YouTube cards
- Video or playlist: links to other videos/the complete palylist on YouTube related or non-related to that specific videolinks to further purchase websites or specific product.
- Channel: promote another YouTube channel, one of the most common methods to collaborate with other YouTubers
- Poll: Encourage viewers to participate in a poll (vote)
- Link: links to a website which compliments whatever content is in the video.
4 Tips for Using YouTube Cards
1. You might be used to pointing to the part of your screen where you intend to put an annotation, but when you use YouTube Cards they might switch locations depending on what device a viewer is watching on.
2. Use three or less cards per video. Viewers are more likely to click your cards if there are fewer of them, and more likely to start ignoring them if it seems like they’re always popping up. Also, do not have all three of these cards appear at once and make people choose between them. Stagger them throughout your video.
3. Your cards should be related to what you are saying in your vlog. Avoid posting completely random links in the middle of your video because a viewer who clicks on them will get confused. You can post any type of link you want at the very end of your video, though.
4. The end of your video is always a great place to link viewers to another of your videos, whether you use a card or an end screen. If somebody liked your video enough to watch until the end they’ll probably welcome a chance to consume similar content.
Conclusion
Now, that you are aware how to add YouTube end screen to your video, make use of the amazing features of YouTube end screen and cards and let driving in traffic to your site be easy and fruitful.
Richard Bennett
Richard Bennett is a writer and a lover of all things video.
Follow @Richard Bennett
Richard Bennett
Mar 27, 2024• Proven solutions
The traditional annotation’s features are replaced by its successor YouTube Cards and End Screen. The annotations performed poorly on mobile and thus, the new changes are for good. The annotations had become outdated and were completely unbefitting. On the contrary, the YouTube cards and end screen offers great access to both desktop and mobiles with easier and faster implementation. Are you still looking for Annotations? Stop your search and try considering YouTube end screen. In this article, learn how to use Youtube end screen and cards.
- Part1: Why You Need to Add End Screens To Videos
- Part2: How To Use Youtube End Screen
- Part3: How To Use Youtube Cards
Wondershare Filmstock Gaming Video Editing Skils ](https://filmstock.wondershare.com/creative-theme-game?source%5Fchannel=seo%5Farticle&spm=rs.filmora%5Fweb )
Part 1: Why You Need to Add End Screens and Cards to Videos
There are several reasons that make the YouTube end screen and cards a great tool when added to the videos. The new channel builtin features, donation choices, embedded polls and more are some of the best interactive and powerful features of YouTube end screen that’s when added to the video can drive in users to your channel. It is a strong tool to build viewership of your channel. When you use YouTube end screen at the end of the video, it helps in directing the users to other channels, playlists, and videos and also helps in promoting crowdfunding campaigns, merchandise and website. The YouTube end screen is a part of the video and to have an end screen on your video, it must be around 25seconds long.
Part 2: How To Use Youtube End Screen
Do you wish to add YouTube end screen to your video? Just follow the steps and get going.
- Go to Creator Studio and check the left side to find the Video Manager, click on it.
- Wherever you wish to add the end screen on the video, click on it.
- Click End Screen & Annotations at the top.
- From end screen and annotations, you can add or configure elements.
- Check how the end screen will appear to the visitors.
- Click on blue color add element’s button to find four options available there:
Playlist or Videos- This element allows to play the suggested video on the same tab when the user clicks on it.
Subscribe- This allows the users to quickly subscribe to the channel. You may change the appearance of the icon and how your brand name looks.
Channel- Click on this element to promote other YouTube Channel. You may also customize it with a message.
Link- This element helps in sending the users directly to your website. Although, Google has restricted other link addition in the video. In order to add, you must have an Adsense account and permit monetization.
Part 3: How To Use Youtube Cards
YouTube Cards is more interactive. Users can add images and other linkes. Here are the steps.
- Click on the “Video Manager” tab.
- If you want to add cards, Click “Edit” tab under it. Then click “cards”.
- Choose the cards type you want to make on “Add Card” drop down menu.
- Click “create” button. Select the timeline. In the end, apply.
The types of YouTube cards
- Video or playlist: links to other videos/the complete palylist on YouTube related or non-related to that specific videolinks to further purchase websites or specific product.
- Channel: promote another YouTube channel, one of the most common methods to collaborate with other YouTubers
- Poll: Encourage viewers to participate in a poll (vote)
- Link: links to a website which compliments whatever content is in the video.
4 Tips for Using YouTube Cards
1. You might be used to pointing to the part of your screen where you intend to put an annotation, but when you use YouTube Cards they might switch locations depending on what device a viewer is watching on.
2. Use three or less cards per video. Viewers are more likely to click your cards if there are fewer of them, and more likely to start ignoring them if it seems like they’re always popping up. Also, do not have all three of these cards appear at once and make people choose between them. Stagger them throughout your video.
3. Your cards should be related to what you are saying in your vlog. Avoid posting completely random links in the middle of your video because a viewer who clicks on them will get confused. You can post any type of link you want at the very end of your video, though.
4. The end of your video is always a great place to link viewers to another of your videos, whether you use a card or an end screen. If somebody liked your video enough to watch until the end they’ll probably welcome a chance to consume similar content.
Conclusion
Now, that you are aware how to add YouTube end screen to your video, make use of the amazing features of YouTube end screen and cards and let driving in traffic to your site be easy and fruitful.
Richard Bennett
Richard Bennett is a writer and a lover of all things video.
Follow @Richard Bennett
Richard Bennett
Mar 27, 2024• Proven solutions
The traditional annotation’s features are replaced by its successor YouTube Cards and End Screen. The annotations performed poorly on mobile and thus, the new changes are for good. The annotations had become outdated and were completely unbefitting. On the contrary, the YouTube cards and end screen offers great access to both desktop and mobiles with easier and faster implementation. Are you still looking for Annotations? Stop your search and try considering YouTube end screen. In this article, learn how to use Youtube end screen and cards.
- Part1: Why You Need to Add End Screens To Videos
- Part2: How To Use Youtube End Screen
- Part3: How To Use Youtube Cards
Wondershare Filmstock Gaming Video Editing Skils ](https://filmstock.wondershare.com/creative-theme-game?source%5Fchannel=seo%5Farticle&spm=rs.filmora%5Fweb )
Part 1: Why You Need to Add End Screens and Cards to Videos
There are several reasons that make the YouTube end screen and cards a great tool when added to the videos. The new channel builtin features, donation choices, embedded polls and more are some of the best interactive and powerful features of YouTube end screen that’s when added to the video can drive in users to your channel. It is a strong tool to build viewership of your channel. When you use YouTube end screen at the end of the video, it helps in directing the users to other channels, playlists, and videos and also helps in promoting crowdfunding campaigns, merchandise and website. The YouTube end screen is a part of the video and to have an end screen on your video, it must be around 25seconds long.
Part 2: How To Use Youtube End Screen
Do you wish to add YouTube end screen to your video? Just follow the steps and get going.
- Go to Creator Studio and check the left side to find the Video Manager, click on it.
- Wherever you wish to add the end screen on the video, click on it.
- Click End Screen & Annotations at the top.
- From end screen and annotations, you can add or configure elements.
- Check how the end screen will appear to the visitors.
- Click on blue color add element’s button to find four options available there:
Playlist or Videos- This element allows to play the suggested video on the same tab when the user clicks on it.
Subscribe- This allows the users to quickly subscribe to the channel. You may change the appearance of the icon and how your brand name looks.
Channel- Click on this element to promote other YouTube Channel. You may also customize it with a message.
Link- This element helps in sending the users directly to your website. Although, Google has restricted other link addition in the video. In order to add, you must have an Adsense account and permit monetization.
Part 3: How To Use Youtube Cards
YouTube Cards is more interactive. Users can add images and other linkes. Here are the steps.
- Click on the “Video Manager” tab.
- If you want to add cards, Click “Edit” tab under it. Then click “cards”.
- Choose the cards type you want to make on “Add Card” drop down menu.
- Click “create” button. Select the timeline. In the end, apply.
The types of YouTube cards
- Video or playlist: links to other videos/the complete palylist on YouTube related or non-related to that specific videolinks to further purchase websites or specific product.
- Channel: promote another YouTube channel, one of the most common methods to collaborate with other YouTubers
- Poll: Encourage viewers to participate in a poll (vote)
- Link: links to a website which compliments whatever content is in the video.
4 Tips for Using YouTube Cards
1. You might be used to pointing to the part of your screen where you intend to put an annotation, but when you use YouTube Cards they might switch locations depending on what device a viewer is watching on.
2. Use three or less cards per video. Viewers are more likely to click your cards if there are fewer of them, and more likely to start ignoring them if it seems like they’re always popping up. Also, do not have all three of these cards appear at once and make people choose between them. Stagger them throughout your video.
3. Your cards should be related to what you are saying in your vlog. Avoid posting completely random links in the middle of your video because a viewer who clicks on them will get confused. You can post any type of link you want at the very end of your video, though.
4. The end of your video is always a great place to link viewers to another of your videos, whether you use a card or an end screen. If somebody liked your video enough to watch until the end they’ll probably welcome a chance to consume similar content.
Conclusion
Now, that you are aware how to add YouTube end screen to your video, make use of the amazing features of YouTube end screen and cards and let driving in traffic to your site be easy and fruitful.
Richard Bennett
Richard Bennett is a writer and a lover of all things video.
Follow @Richard Bennett
Expert Tips for Harnessing the Power of Top 9 Free YouTube Makers
Top 9 Free YouTube Logo Makers
Richard Bennett
Nov 01, 2022• Proven solutions
Logos are a very important part of branding yourself, especially if you’re an online business or personality, and that’s why we’ve made this list of YouTube logo makers. When you’re a part of a crowded platform like YouTube, having a logo definitely helps to differentiate yourself from all the other channels. In this article, we’ll be going over the top nine resources online for making YouTube logos for free.
1. PIXLR EDITOR
PIXLR Editor is a powerful free online design tool that looks and feels a lot like PhotoShop. If you’re going to design your YouTube Logo this way though, you’re going to have to design it from scratch.
2. GETPAINT
GETPAINT.NET is very much like PIXLR in that it looks and feels a lot like PhotoShop. But with GETPAINT.NET, you’re going to have to download it and run it from your computer to be able to use it.
3. CANVA
Unlike PIXLR and GETPAINT.NET, where you’ll have to design your logo from scratch, Canva comes with a lot of customizable design elements, stock images, and filters you can choose from. Canva is a simpler design tool. You won’t be able to work with layers or add effects to your text.
4. DESIGNEVO
Similar to Canva but even simpler and more focused on simple logo making is Designevo.
5. LOGOMAKR
Logomakr is quite similar to Designevo but it allows you to work with layers.
6. FOTOR
Fotor is similar to Canva. Although you get less premade text templates, you can at least add a drop shadow to your text.
7. SNAPPA
Snappa is also a great online tool similar to Canva and Fotor.
8. LOGASTER
For those wanting an even simpler option, one that automatically designs several different options for you simply based on your brand name and activity that your brand is involved in, Logaster is a good tool for that. Logaster will supply with you many different design options. You might find one that you like.
9. COOLTEXT
Cooltext is a simple free website that gives you a library full of different text styles. You first choose the style that you want to customize and then replace the text. You can save your selection as a png and upload it into any of the other online design tools previously mentioned above.
If you want free templates that will work with a lot of these logo makers, check out our post on YouTube Profile Picture Templates - Free Downloads!
Have you ever used a YouTube logo maker?
Richard Bennett
Richard Bennett is a writer and a lover of all things video.
Follow @Richard Bennett
Richard Bennett
Nov 01, 2022• Proven solutions
Logos are a very important part of branding yourself, especially if you’re an online business or personality, and that’s why we’ve made this list of YouTube logo makers. When you’re a part of a crowded platform like YouTube, having a logo definitely helps to differentiate yourself from all the other channels. In this article, we’ll be going over the top nine resources online for making YouTube logos for free.
1. PIXLR EDITOR
PIXLR Editor is a powerful free online design tool that looks and feels a lot like PhotoShop. If you’re going to design your YouTube Logo this way though, you’re going to have to design it from scratch.
2. GETPAINT
GETPAINT.NET is very much like PIXLR in that it looks and feels a lot like PhotoShop. But with GETPAINT.NET, you’re going to have to download it and run it from your computer to be able to use it.
3. CANVA
Unlike PIXLR and GETPAINT.NET, where you’ll have to design your logo from scratch, Canva comes with a lot of customizable design elements, stock images, and filters you can choose from. Canva is a simpler design tool. You won’t be able to work with layers or add effects to your text.
4. DESIGNEVO
Similar to Canva but even simpler and more focused on simple logo making is Designevo.
5. LOGOMAKR
Logomakr is quite similar to Designevo but it allows you to work with layers.
6. FOTOR
Fotor is similar to Canva. Although you get less premade text templates, you can at least add a drop shadow to your text.
7. SNAPPA
Snappa is also a great online tool similar to Canva and Fotor.
8. LOGASTER
For those wanting an even simpler option, one that automatically designs several different options for you simply based on your brand name and activity that your brand is involved in, Logaster is a good tool for that. Logaster will supply with you many different design options. You might find one that you like.
9. COOLTEXT
Cooltext is a simple free website that gives you a library full of different text styles. You first choose the style that you want to customize and then replace the text. You can save your selection as a png and upload it into any of the other online design tools previously mentioned above.
If you want free templates that will work with a lot of these logo makers, check out our post on YouTube Profile Picture Templates - Free Downloads!
Have you ever used a YouTube logo maker?
Richard Bennett
Richard Bennett is a writer and a lover of all things video.
Follow @Richard Bennett
Richard Bennett
Nov 01, 2022• Proven solutions
Logos are a very important part of branding yourself, especially if you’re an online business or personality, and that’s why we’ve made this list of YouTube logo makers. When you’re a part of a crowded platform like YouTube, having a logo definitely helps to differentiate yourself from all the other channels. In this article, we’ll be going over the top nine resources online for making YouTube logos for free.
1. PIXLR EDITOR
PIXLR Editor is a powerful free online design tool that looks and feels a lot like PhotoShop. If you’re going to design your YouTube Logo this way though, you’re going to have to design it from scratch.
2. GETPAINT
GETPAINT.NET is very much like PIXLR in that it looks and feels a lot like PhotoShop. But with GETPAINT.NET, you’re going to have to download it and run it from your computer to be able to use it.
3. CANVA
Unlike PIXLR and GETPAINT.NET, where you’ll have to design your logo from scratch, Canva comes with a lot of customizable design elements, stock images, and filters you can choose from. Canva is a simpler design tool. You won’t be able to work with layers or add effects to your text.
4. DESIGNEVO
Similar to Canva but even simpler and more focused on simple logo making is Designevo.
5. LOGOMAKR
Logomakr is quite similar to Designevo but it allows you to work with layers.
6. FOTOR
Fotor is similar to Canva. Although you get less premade text templates, you can at least add a drop shadow to your text.
7. SNAPPA
Snappa is also a great online tool similar to Canva and Fotor.
8. LOGASTER
For those wanting an even simpler option, one that automatically designs several different options for you simply based on your brand name and activity that your brand is involved in, Logaster is a good tool for that. Logaster will supply with you many different design options. You might find one that you like.
9. COOLTEXT
Cooltext is a simple free website that gives you a library full of different text styles. You first choose the style that you want to customize and then replace the text. You can save your selection as a png and upload it into any of the other online design tools previously mentioned above.
If you want free templates that will work with a lot of these logo makers, check out our post on YouTube Profile Picture Templates - Free Downloads!
Have you ever used a YouTube logo maker?
Richard Bennett
Richard Bennett is a writer and a lover of all things video.
Follow @Richard Bennett
Richard Bennett
Nov 01, 2022• Proven solutions
Logos are a very important part of branding yourself, especially if you’re an online business or personality, and that’s why we’ve made this list of YouTube logo makers. When you’re a part of a crowded platform like YouTube, having a logo definitely helps to differentiate yourself from all the other channels. In this article, we’ll be going over the top nine resources online for making YouTube logos for free.
1. PIXLR EDITOR
PIXLR Editor is a powerful free online design tool that looks and feels a lot like PhotoShop. If you’re going to design your YouTube Logo this way though, you’re going to have to design it from scratch.
2. GETPAINT
GETPAINT.NET is very much like PIXLR in that it looks and feels a lot like PhotoShop. But with GETPAINT.NET, you’re going to have to download it and run it from your computer to be able to use it.
3. CANVA
Unlike PIXLR and GETPAINT.NET, where you’ll have to design your logo from scratch, Canva comes with a lot of customizable design elements, stock images, and filters you can choose from. Canva is a simpler design tool. You won’t be able to work with layers or add effects to your text.
4. DESIGNEVO
Similar to Canva but even simpler and more focused on simple logo making is Designevo.
5. LOGOMAKR
Logomakr is quite similar to Designevo but it allows you to work with layers.
6. FOTOR
Fotor is similar to Canva. Although you get less premade text templates, you can at least add a drop shadow to your text.
7. SNAPPA
Snappa is also a great online tool similar to Canva and Fotor.
8. LOGASTER
For those wanting an even simpler option, one that automatically designs several different options for you simply based on your brand name and activity that your brand is involved in, Logaster is a good tool for that. Logaster will supply with you many different design options. You might find one that you like.
9. COOLTEXT
Cooltext is a simple free website that gives you a library full of different text styles. You first choose the style that you want to customize and then replace the text. You can save your selection as a png and upload it into any of the other online design tools previously mentioned above.
If you want free templates that will work with a lot of these logo makers, check out our post on YouTube Profile Picture Templates - Free Downloads!
Have you ever used a YouTube logo maker?
Richard Bennett
Richard Bennett is a writer and a lover of all things video.
Follow @Richard Bennett
- Title: [New] Enhancing Viewer Engagement with Smart End Screen Techniques
- Author: Kevin
- Created at : 2024-09-10 16:51:12
- Updated at : 2024-09-16 17:50:19
- Link: https://youtube-videos.techidaily.com/new-enhancing-viewer-engagement-with-smart-end-screen-techniques/
- License: This work is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0.